{"id":1115,"date":"2019-12-21T14:20:54","date_gmt":"2019-12-21T11:20:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ormantik.com\/forum\/siniflar\/1-sinif\/ders-notlari\/toprak-koruma\/"},"modified":"2019-12-28T09:42:46","modified_gmt":"2019-12-28T06:42:46","slug":"toprak-koruma","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ormantik.com\/forum\/siniflar\/3-sinif\/ders-notlari-3-sinif\/toprak-koruma\/","title":{"rendered":"Toprak Koruma – \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma notu 2018"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Permeabilite (<\/span>Hidrolik Kond\u00fcktivite ) <\/b><\/span>\u00a0– <\/span><\/span>suyun ge\u00e7irgenli\u011fi <\/span><\/p>\n

Y\u00fcksek permeabilite \u2013 kumlu topraklar<\/span><\/p>\n

D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck permeabilite \u2013 killi topraklar<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>\u0130nfiltrasyon<\/span> \u2013 topra\u011f\u0131n ya\u011fmur sular\u0131n\u0131 emme yetene\u011fi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ya\u011f\u0131\u015f sular\u0131n\u0131n toprak y\u00fczeyinden girerek s\u0131zmas\u0131.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>Kalker<\/span> \u2013 kire\u00e7 ta\u015f\u0131<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

4.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>Evaporasyon \u2013 <\/span>suyun, ya\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131k etkisiyle buharla\u015fmas\u0131.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

5.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>Erodibilite<\/span> \u2013 toprak agregatlar\u0131n\u0131n su ile dispersle\u015fmesine ve ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131na diren\u00e7 g\u00f6steren topraktaki kohezyon kuvvetleri, toprak g\u00f6zenek hacmi, infiltrasyon, permeabilite gibi toprak \u00f6zellikleri.<\/span><\/p>\n

Erodibilite<\/span><\/u>:<\/span><\/p>\n

a.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>Torpak teskt\u00fcr\u00fc<\/span><\/p>\n

b.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>Agregat stabilitesi ve dayan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/span><\/p>\n

c.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>Topra\u011f\u0131n kesme direnci<\/span><\/p>\n

d.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>\u0130nfiltrasyon kapasitesi<\/span><\/p>\n

e.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>Organik madde i\u00e7eri\u011fi<\/span><\/p>\n

f.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>Topra\u011f\u0131n kimyasal yap\u0131s\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak de\u011fi\u015fmektedir<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

6.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>Erozivite <\/span>\u2013 ya\u011fmurun veya hareket halindeki suyun erozyon yapabilme potansiyeli. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

7.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>Perkolasyon<\/span> \u2013 Toprak y\u00fczeyinden s\u0131zan suyun toprak profili boyunca a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 do\u011fru hareketidir.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

8.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>\u0130nfiltrasyon<\/span> \u2013 Ya\u011f\u0131\u015f sular\u0131n\u0131n toprak y\u00fczeyinden i\u00e7eri s\u0131zmas\u0131 olay\u0131d\u0131r. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

9.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>Transpirasyon <\/span>\u2013 Terleme.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

10.\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>Dispersiyon \u2013 <\/span>\u00c7ok ince kat\u0131 yap\u0131daki partik\u00fcllerin su vb. bir s\u0131v\u0131 madde i\u00e7inde homojen \u015fekilde da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u015flemidir. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Dispersle\u015fme <\/span>\u2013 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclme.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

11.\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>\u0130nfiltrasyon ve Perkolasyon kapasiteleri y\u00fcksek olan topraklarda <\/span>y\u00fczeysel ak\u0131\u015f ve erozyon olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 daha az olur.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

12.\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>\u0130nfiltrasyon kapasitesi:<\/span><\/u> Ya\u011f\u0131\u015f sular\u0131n\u0131n toprak y\u00fczeyinden maksimum s\u0131zma h\u0131z\u0131na denir. cm\/ sa veya mm\/dk olarak ifade edilir. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

13.\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>Agregat \u2013 <\/span>Topraktaki kil, kum fraksiyonlar\u0131n\u0131n organik materyal ile canl\u0131 salg\u0131lar\u0131 sayesinde olu\u015fturduklar\u0131 en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck do\u011fal toprak par\u00e7as\u0131na denir. Agregatlar b\u00fcnyelerindeki organik madde sebebiyle bitki ya\u015fam\u0131 i\u00e7in daha elveri\u015fli ko\u015fullar\u0131 sa\u011flarlar.<\/span><\/p>\n

14.\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>Agregatla\u015fma \u2013 <\/span>Toprak fraksiyonlar\u0131n\u0131n bir araya gelerek agregat\u0131 olu\u015fturmas\u0131na denir.<\/span><\/p>\n

15.\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>Ya\u011fmur damlas\u0131n\u0131n neden oldu\u011fu erozyon ad\u0131 \u2018Damla erozyonu\u2019<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

16.\u00a0 <\/span><\/span> EI30<\/sub><\/span> \u2013 Erozivite indeksi. E x I30<\/sub><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

E <\/span>\u2013 Ya\u011fmurun kinetik enerjisi (jul\/m2<\/sup>)<\/span><\/p>\n

I30<\/sub><\/span> \u2013 30 dk\u2019l\u0131k ya\u011fmur \u015fiddeti (cm\/sa)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

17.\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>Kesme direnci: <\/span>Topra\u011fa uygulanan bir kuvvete kar\u015f\u0131 topraktaki organik ve inorganik par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131n g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi s\u00fcrt\u00fcnme direncinin bir sonucudur.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

18.\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>Hangisi erozyona daha fazla neden olur?<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u0131s\u0131r<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

19.\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>E\u011fim artt\u0131k\u00e7a hangisinde erozyon oran\u0131 olarak daha fazla artar?<\/span><\/p>\n

F\u0131nd\u0131k<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

20.\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>Bentonit –<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Y\u00fcksek y\u00fczey alan\u0131na sahip bulunan killer<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

21.\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>Kaolinit –<\/b><\/span> <\/b>d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck y\u00fczey alan\u0131na sahip olan kil mineralleri<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

22.\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>Kalsiyum Karbonat:<\/span><\/p>\n

Topraklara kire\u00e7 (CaCO3) verildi\u011finde agregat stabilitesi artmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

23.\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>S\u0131k\u0131\u015fmam\u0131\u015f<\/span> (non-compacted) topraklarda<\/span> infiltrasyon daha y\u00fcksektir<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

24.\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>Adezyon<\/span> – toprak par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n su molek\u00fcllerini \u00e7ekme kuvvetine denir<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

25.\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>Kohezyon <\/span>– su molek\u00fcllerinin birbirini \u00e7ekme kuvvetine denir<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

26.\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>Hidrifobik<\/span> \u2013 \u0131slanmazl\u0131k g\u00f6steren<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

27.\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>Hidrofilik materyal <\/span>\u2013 \u0131slanma a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan daha geni\u015ftir<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

28.\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>Sediment <\/span>\u2013 Akarsuyun ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 kat\u0131 materyale denir<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

29.\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>Su erozyonu<\/span>: Suyun ya\u011fmur damlas\u0131 ve y\u00fczeysel ak\u0131\u015f gibi s\u0131v\u0131 fazda ve hareket halinde kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 kinetik enerji ile topra\u011f\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

30.\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>Su erozyonunda birbirine kar\u015f\u0131t iki kuvvet s\u00f6z konusudur<\/span>:<\/span><\/p>\n

1) Erozivite<\/span> – Toprak agregatlar\u0131n\u0131 par\u00e7alayan ve tanecikleri harekete ge\u00e7irerek ta\u015f\u0131yan su kuvvetleri.<\/span><\/p>\n

2) Erodibilite<\/span> – Bu eroziv kuvvetlere kar\u015f\u0131 diren\u00e7 g\u00f6steren topra\u011f\u0131n kendi \u00f6zellikleri <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

31.\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>S\u0131\u011f topraklar ve yama\u00e7 e\u011fimi %12\u2019den az olan araziler i\u00e7in <\/span>seki teraslar uygun de\u011fildir.<\/u><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

32.\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>Kalitatif:<\/span> S\u00f6z konusu toprak taneciklerinin kuru ve \u0131slak durumda parmaklar aras\u0131nda<\/u> yada elde b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 histir.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

33.\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>Kantitatif:<\/span> Laboratuar ortam\u0131nda<\/span><\/u> uygulanan bu metod ile 100 gr toprak i\u00e7erisinde kum, kil ve silt fraksiyonlar\u0131n\u0131n toplam y\u00fczdesel oranlar\u0131 ve a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131 kesin \u015fekilde belirlenebilir.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Permeabilite (Hidrolik Kond\u00fcktivite ) \u00a0– suyun ge\u00e7irgenli\u011fi Y\u00fcksek permeabilite \u2013 kumlu topraklar D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck permeabilite \u2013 killi topraklar \u00a0 2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0130nfiltrasyon \u2013 topra\u011f\u0131n ya\u011fmur sular\u0131n\u0131 emme yetene\u011fi. Ya\u011f\u0131\u015f sular\u0131n\u0131n toprak y\u00fczeyinden girerek s\u0131zmas\u0131. \u00a0 3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Kalker \u2013 kire\u00e7 ta\u015f\u0131 \u00a0 4.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Evaporasyon \u2013 suyun, ya\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131k etkisiyle buharla\u015fmas\u0131. \u00a0 5.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Erodibilite \u2013 toprak […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1722,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[233],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1115","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ders-notlari-3-sinif"],"yoast_head":"\nToprak Koruma - \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma notu 2018 - ORMANT\u0130K<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ormantik.com\/forum\/siniflar\/3-sinif\/ders-notlari-3-sinif\/toprak-koruma\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Toprak Koruma - \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma notu 2018 - ORMANT\u0130K\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Permeabilite (Hidrolik Kond\u00fcktivite ) \u00a0– suyun ge\u00e7irgenli\u011fi Y\u00fcksek permeabilite \u2013 kumlu topraklar D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck permeabilite \u2013 killi topraklar \u00a0 2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0130nfiltrasyon \u2013 topra\u011f\u0131n ya\u011fmur sular\u0131n\u0131 emme yetene\u011fi. 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